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Graham County – Government Finance

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Government finances play a pivotal role in shaping the local economy, influencing economic growth, stability, and the overall well-being of communities. The impact of government finances on the local economy can be analyzed through several key mechanisms, including public spending, taxation, debt management, and fiscal policies. These elements collectively determine the flow of resources, the level of economic activity, and the quality of life for residents.

  1. Public Spending and Investment One of the most direct ways government finances affect the local economy is through public spending. Governments allocate funds to infrastructure projects, education, healthcare, public safety, and social services. These investments create jobs, stimulate demand for goods and services, and enhance the productivity of the local workforce. For instance, building roads, bridges, and public transportation systems not only provides immediate employment opportunities but also improves connectivity, reducing transportation costs for businesses and facilitating trade. Similarly, investments in education and healthcare contribute to a skilled and healthy workforce, which is essential for long-term economic growth.

  2. Taxation Policies Taxation is another critical component of government finances that impacts the local economy. Taxes fund public services and infrastructure, but they also influence the behavior of individuals and businesses. High tax rates can discourage investment and consumption, potentially stifling economic growth. Conversely, low tax rates may attract businesses and stimulate spending but can lead to budget deficits if not managed properly. Progressive taxation, where higher-income individuals pay a larger share, can reduce income inequality and increase disposable income for lower-income households, boosting local demand for goods and services.

  3. Debt Management Government borrowing and debt management also have significant implications for the local economy. When governments borrow to finance deficits or invest in long-term projects, they can stimulate economic activity in the short term. However, excessive debt can lead to higher interest rates, crowding out private investment, and increasing the risk of financial instability. Effective debt management ensures that borrowing is sustainable and that funds are used efficiently to generate economic returns.

  4. Fiscal Policies Fiscal policies, including government spending and taxation, are tools used to manage economic cycles. During economic downturns, expansionary fiscal policies, such as increased spending and tax cuts, can stimulate demand and help the economy recover. Conversely, during periods of high inflation, contractionary fiscal policies, such as reduced spending and higher taxes, can help cool down the economy. The timing and effectiveness of these policies are crucial in stabilizing the local economy and maintaining public confidence.

  5. Social and Economic Equity Government finances also play a role in promoting social and economic equity. Redistributive policies, such as social welfare programs and subsidies, can reduce poverty and inequality, leading to a more inclusive economy. By providing a safety net for vulnerable populations, governments can ensure that all residents have access to basic needs, which in turn supports overall economic stability and growth.

  6. Conclusion In summary, government finances have a profound impact on the local economy through public spending, taxation, debt management, and fiscal policies. Effective management of these financial tools can stimulate economic growth, reduce inequality, and enhance the quality of life for residents. Conversely, poor financial management can lead to economic instability, reduced investment, and social unrest. Therefore, it is essential for governments to adopt prudent fiscal policies and ensure that financial resources are allocated efficiently and equitably to support sustainable economic development.

A key indicator for comparison is how much government collects, spends and and establishes debt for each resident under its perview.

The revenue per resident at the local level is:

6,464.62

The expenses per resident at the local level is:

5,881

The outstanding debt per resident at the local level is:

1,437.82

 
GrahamArizonaNational



LocalLocalLocalLocalStateState
PerContri-PerContri-PerContri-
LocalPer CentStatePer CentCapitabutionNationalPer CentCapitabutionCapitabution
Description(,000's)Per Capitato Total(,000's)Per Capitato TotalIndexIndex(,000's)Per Capitato TotalIndexIndexIndexIndex

Revenue253,2586,464.62100.0040,520,1395,451.23100.001.191.002,344,548,4806,947.35100.000.931.000.781.00

  General revenue225,8195,764.2289.1734,476,2704,638.1485.081.241.052,168,968,4006,427.0792.510.900.960.720.92

    Intergovernmental revenue154,0753,932.8960.8414,500,7811,950.8135.792.021.70808,559,1482,395.9234.491.641.760.811.04
      From Federal government25,342646.8810.011,842,944247.934.552.612.20146,274,793433.446.241.491.600.570.73
      From State government128,7333,286.0250.8312,657,8371,702.8831.241.931.63662,284,3551,962.4828.251.671.800.871.11
      From local government00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00

    General revenue from own sources71,7441,831.3328.3319,975,4892,687.3349.300.680.571,360,409,2524,031.1558.020.450.490.670.85
      Taxes44,9141,146.4717.7313,915,4501,872.0634.340.610.52894,124,7052,649.4638.140.430.470.710.90
        Property23,570601.649.318,019,7361,078.9119.790.560.47627,434,2421,859.2126.760.320.350.580.74
        Sales & gross receipts20,745529.538.195,285,900711.1213.050.740.63165,801,503491.307.071.081.161.451.84
          General sales19,820505.927.834,885,179657.2112.060.770.65125,994,306373.355.371.361.461.762.24
          Selective sales92523.610.37400,72153.910.990.440.3739,807,197117.961.700.200.220.460.58
            Motor fuel sales00.000.0000.000.000.000.001,892,6875.610.080.000.000.000.00
            Alcoholic beverage sales00.000.0000.000.000.000.00845,0352.500.040.000.000.000.00
            Tobacco product sales00.000.0000.000.000.000.00318,8170.940.010.000.000.000.00
            Public utilities92523.610.37203,09527.320.500.860.7315,744,64746.650.670.510.540.590.75
            Other selective sales00.000.00197,62626.590.490.000.0021,006,01162.240.900.000.000.430.54
        Individual income tax00.000.0000.000.000.000.0044,730,192132.541.910.000.000.000.00
        Corporate income tax180.460.0113,4911.810.030.250.2111,009,92732.620.470.010.020.060.07
        Motor vehicle license00.000.003,5720.480.010.000.002,263,6136.710.100.000.000.070.09
        Other taxes58114.830.23592,75179.741.460.190.1642,885,228127.081.830.120.130.630.80

      Charges & misc general revenue26,830684.8610.596,060,039815.2614.960.840.71466,284,5471,381.6919.890.500.530.590.75
        Current charges22,640577.908.944,582,318616.4711.310.940.79365,048,3361,081.7115.570.530.570.570.73
          Education7,043179.782.78372,99250.180.923.583.0219,143,89456.730.823.173.410.881.13
            Institution of higher education5,684145.092.24214,75928.890.535.024.237,681,25722.760.336.376.851.271.62
            School lunch sales (gross)60.150.0019,7812.660.050.060.051,566,4414.640.070.030.040.570.73
          Hospitals1,85847.430.73693,56493.311.710.510.43124,953,811370.265.330.130.140.250.32
          Highways1553.960.0629,3203.940.071.000.8510,287,28930.480.440.130.140.130.16
          Air transportation (airports)00.000.00508,28768.381.250.000.0022,414,40266.420.960.000.001.031.31
          Parking facilities00.000.0015,7292.120.040.000.002,924,3498.670.120.000.000.240.31
          Sea and inland port facilities00.000.0000.000.000.000.004,760,82614.110.200.000.000.000.00
          Natural resources73318.710.2993,89312.630.231.481.252,531,1967.500.112.492.681.682.15
          Parks and recreation1132.880.04147,27819.810.360.150.129,708,20828.770.410.100.110.690.88
          Housing and comm development44811.440.1820,9922.820.054.053.417,308,73521.660.310.530.570.130.17
          Sewerage3,04377.681.201,120,759150.782.770.520.4368,695,647203.562.930.380.410.740.94
          Solid waste management3,70194.471.46577,79877.731.431.221.0221,694,93864.290.931.471.581.211.54
          Other charges5,546141.572.191,001,706134.762.471.050.8970,625,041209.283.010.680.730.640.82

        Miscellaneous general revenue4,190106.951.651,477,721198.803.650.540.45101,236,211299.984.320.360.380.660.84
          Interest earnings2606.640.10167,37322.520.410.290.2510,227,01630.300.440.220.240.740.95
          Special assessments60.150.0055,6767.490.140.020.0215,026,42544.530.640.000.000.170.21
          Sale of property1172.990.0559,7568.040.150.370.313,784,73711.210.160.270.290.720.91
          Other general revenue3,80797.181.501,194,916160.752.950.600.5172,198,033213.943.080.450.490.750.96

  Utility revenue27,439700.4010.836,043,869813.0914.920.860.73173,592,043514.397.401.361.461.582.01
    Water supply10,807275.864.271,883,235253.354.651.090.9280,167,107237.553.421.161.251.071.36
    Electric power14,277364.435.644,028,191541.929.940.670.5778,135,733231.533.331.571.692.342.98
    Gas supply2,35560.110.9361,7828.310.157.236.107,630,12322.610.332.662.860.370.47
    Transit00.000.0070,6619.510.170.000.007,659,08022.700.330.000.000.420.53

  Liquor store revenue00.000.0000.000.000.000.001,988,0375.890.080.000.000.000.00

  Insurance trust revenue00.000.0000.000.000.000.00162,8580.480.010.000.000.000.00
    Unemployment compensation00.000.0000.000.000.000.00162,8580.480.010.000.000.000.00
    Employee retirement00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00
    Workers' compensation00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00
    Other insurance trust revenue00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00

Expenditure230,3945,881.00100.0035,507,8164,776.91100.001.231.002,254,418,5176,680.28100.000.881.000.721.00

  Intergovernmental expenditure00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00
  Direct expenditure230,3945,881.00100.0035,507,8164,776.91100.001.231.002,254,418,5176,680.28100.000.881.000.721.00
    Current operation198,6745,071.3286.2328,256,3883,801.3779.581.331.081,887,390,8875,592.7083.720.911.030.680.95
    Capital outlay30,060767.3113.055,989,646805.7916.870.950.77284,581,195843.2712.620.911.030.961.34
      Construction30,060767.3113.055,989,646805.7916.870.950.77284,581,195843.2712.620.911.030.961.34
    Assistance and subsidies-12-0.31-0.0194,21612.670.27-0.02-0.022,376,9447.040.11-0.04-0.051.802.52
    Interest on debt1,67242.680.731,167,566157.073.290.270.2280,069,491237.263.550.180.200.660.93
    Insurance benefits and repayments00.000.0000.000.000.000.0039,9940.120.000.000.000.000.00
    Exhibit: salaries & wages38,915993.3416.898,071,0751,085.8122.730.910.74525,546,0041,557.2923.310.640.720.700.98

  Direct expenditure by function230,3945,881.00100.0035,507,8164,776.91100.001.231.002,254,418,5176,680.28100.000.881.000.721.00
    Direct general expenditure211,3365,394.5391.7328,526,3573,837.6980.341.411.142,024,660,7925,999.4689.810.901.020.640.89
      Capital outlay30,060767.3113.053,815,034513.2410.741.501.21233,677,777692.4310.371.111.260.741.04


Education services:
      Other direct general expenditure181,2764,627.2278.6824,711,3233,324.4569.591.391.131,790,983,0155,307.0379.440.870.990.630.88
      Education125,9253,214.3454.6612,724,9101,711.9035.841.881.53862,837,2522,556.7538.271.261.430.670.94
          Capital outlay11,046281.964.791,797,318241.805.061.170.9589,314,081264.653.961.071.210.911.28
        Higher education46,2551,180.7020.081,408,875189.543.976.235.0646,067,730136.512.048.659.821.391.94
          Capital outlay60015.320.2697,84113.160.281.160.955,394,84215.990.240.961.090.821.15
        Elementary & Secondary education79,6822,033.9534.5911,221,8191,509.6931.601.351.09814,392,5782,413.2036.120.840.960.630.87
          Capital outlay10,446266.644.531,699,477228.634.791.170.9583,919,239248.673.721.071.220.921.29
        Other education-12-0.31-0.0194,21612.670.27-0.02-0.022,376,9447.040.11-0.04-0.051.802.52
      Libraries94724.170.41196,38026.420.550.910.7413,625,82240.380.600.600.680.650.92


Social services and income maintenance:
      Public welfare2,59466.211.13209,90728.240.592.341.9067,699,317200.613.000.330.370.140.20
        Other public welfare2,59466.211.13209,90728.240.592.341.9067,699,317200.613.000.330.370.140.20
      Hospitals30.080.001,018,428137.012.870.000.00141,312,054418.736.270.000.000.330.46
        Capital outlay00.000.0062,5868.420.180.000.006,546,84619.400.290.000.000.430.61
      Health1,82146.480.79511,77468.851.440.680.5577,108,561228.493.420.200.230.300.42
      Social insurance administration00.000.0000.000.000.000.0035,9470.110.000.000.000.000.00
      Veterans' services00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00

Transportaion:
      Highways8,288211.563.601,247,155167.783.511.261.0282,616,882244.813.660.860.980.690.96
        Capital outlay1,14829.300.50400,71853.911.130.540.4430,060,50189.081.330.330.370.610.85
      Air transportation (airports)1503.830.07790,956106.412.230.040.0328,556,24984.621.270.050.051.261.76
      Parking facilities00.000.0010,4671.410.030.000.002,108,1706.250.090.000.000.230.32
      Sea and inland port facilities00.000.0000.000.000.000.004,034,90811.960.180.000.000.000.00

Public safety:
      Police protection23,963611.6810.402,668,686359.027.521.701.38119,298,947353.515.291.731.971.021.42
      Fire protection1,21631.040.531,659,059223.204.670.140.1164,033,823189.742.840.160.191.181.64
      Correction79420.270.34711,13995.672.000.210.1732,595,24396.591.450.210.240.991.39
        Capital outlay00.000.0030,9464.160.090.000.00915,2972.710.040.000.001.532.15
      Protective inspection & regulation1684.290.07117,35915.790.330.270.227,062,87020.930.310.200.230.751.05

Environment and housing:
      Natural resources6,127156.402.66184,33124.800.526.315.1213,342,66139.540.593.964.490.630.88
        Capital outlay88622.620.388,4361.130.0219.9316.194,485,96313.290.201.701.930.090.12
      Parks and recreation2,94075.051.28715,43296.252.010.780.6343,717,263129.541.940.580.660.741.04
        Capital outlay00.000.00142,99919.240.400.000.0010,096,60129.920.450.000.000.640.90
      Housing and comm development44611.380.19589,41479.291.660.140.1258,336,344172.862.590.070.070.460.64
      Sewerage1,81246.250.79732,64398.562.060.470.3868,504,527202.993.040.230.260.490.68
        Capital outlay310.790.01146,49119.710.410.040.0323,319,98269.101.030.010.010.290.40
      Solid waste management2,71069.181.18479,63564.531.351.070.8728,653,83084.911.270.810.930.761.06
        Capital outlay00.000.0023,2443.130.070.000.001,863,1165.520.080.000.000.570.79

Governmental administration:
      Financial administration2,36560.371.03394,02753.011.111.140.9323,707,42470.251.050.860.980.751.06
      Judicial and legal3,57391.201.55907,745122.122.560.750.6127,887,73782.641.241.101.251.482.07
      General public buildings74919.120.33143,47619.300.400.990.8013,643,40540.430.610.470.540.480.67
      Other governmental administration4,279109.231.86463,48762.351.311.751.4237,267,357110.431.650.991.120.560.79
      Interest on general debt1,57640.230.68835,559112.412.350.360.2966,807,524197.962.960.200.230.570.79

General expenditures, n.e.c.:
      Misc commercial activities00.000.0012,0241.620.030.000.002,707,8798.020.120.000.000.200.28
      Other and unallocable18,890482.188.201,202,364161.763.392.982.42137,158,796406.436.081.191.350.400.56

Utility expenditures:
    Utility expenditure19,058486.478.276,981,459939.2219.660.520.42228,078,201675.8410.120.720.821.391.94
        Capital outlay00.000.002,174,612292.556.120.000.0050,897,505150.822.260.000.001.942.71
      Water supply3,25182.981.411,660,653223.414.680.370.3082,479,587244.403.660.340.390.911.28
      Electric power13,892354.606.033,659,972492.3810.310.720.5873,696,368218.383.271.621.842.253.15
      Gas supply1,91548.880.8342,1625.670.128.627.007,182,24421.280.322.302.610.270.37
      Transit00.000.001,618,672217.764.560.000.0064,720,002191.782.870.000.001.141.59

Liquor store expenditures:
    Liquor store expenditure00.000.0000.000.000.000.001,679,5244.980.070.000.000.000.00

Insurance trust expenditures:
    Insurance trust expenditure00.000.0000.000.000.000.0039,9940.120.000.000.000.000.00
      Unemployment compensation00.000.0000.000.000.000.0039,9940.120.000.000.000.000.00
      Employee retirement00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00
      Workers' compensation00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00
      Other insurance trust00.000.0000.000.000.000.0000.000.000.000.000.000.00

Debt outstanding56,3281,437.82100.0030,900,5274,157.09100.000.351.002,042,775,1706,053.14100.000.241.000.691.00

  Short-term debt outstanding00.000.00379,93251.111.230.000.0028,356,92884.031.390.000.000.610.89
  Long-term debt outstanding56,3281,437.82100.0030,520,5954,105.9898.770.351.012,014,418,2425,969.1198.610.241.010.691.00

Long-term debt issued13,456NANA2,595,261NANANANA264,717,314NANANANANANA
Long-term debt retired3,048NANA2,949,464NANANANA218,916,559NANANANANANA


Sources: STI: PopStats and STI: Colossus